Glossarium of Active Ingredients of the Divination Simone DeLuxe Range
AdenosinePowerful present-day growth factor of hair. Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside present in all body cells. It is present in the structure of adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP) which participates in all metabolic processes and is an energy source for cells. Adenosine stimulates hair growth by exerting influence on hair growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Adenosine’s efficacy was first reported at the 11th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery (ISHRS) in the end of 2003 and generated real excitement in scientific circles. In October 2004, the Japanese Ministry of Health officially confirmed high efficacy of Adenosine with regard to hair loss products. Also, Adenosine is a powerful vasodilating substance. Its vasodilation mechanism is linked with increased K+ conductivity and suppression of Ca2+ entry by cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) in cells. This effect makes it comparable with Minoxidil, the most powerful hair growth stimulant known so far.
Vitisvinifera leaf extractIt contains tannic and pectic substances, organic acids, essential oil, and carotene. Grapes contain three vitamins directly connected with blood and hematopoietic system such as folic acid, vitamin K and Vitamin P which strengthen blood vessel walls. Grape leaves are rich in vitamin C. Leaves possess antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and bactericidal effects and contribute to healing of purulent wounds and ulcers.
Copperis a vital element which forms part of many vitamins, hormones, enzymes, and respiratory pigments, participates in the processes of metabolism, tissue respiration, etc. Copper is very important for maintaining normal structure of bones, cartilage, and tendons (collagen), elasticity of blood vessel walls, skin (elastin) and hair. Copper forms part of myelin nerve sheaths. Copper effect on carbohydrate metabolism appears through acceleration of glucose oxidation and deceleration of glycogen degradation in the liver. Copper forms part of many essential enzymes such as cytochrome oxidase, tyrosinase, ascorbic oxidase, etc. Copper is present in the system of body antioxidant protection and is a cofactor of the enzyme superoxide dismutase which participates in the neutralization of oxygen free radicals. This bioelement improves the body’s resistance to some infections, binds microbial toxins and enhances the effect of antibiotics. Copper possesses a marked anti-inflammatory effect, alleviates the manifestations of autoimmune diseases and contributes to the iron uptake. It is responsible for natural color of hair and fights canities.
Calendula Officinalis flower extractAn experimental study on calendula galenic preparations has shown that they possess a multi-faceted pharmacological activity which is attributable to the rich content of such biologically active compounds as carotenoids, flavonoids and vitamins present in the plant flowers. Calenden and carotene are the basic substances contained in them. Calendula flowers are also rich in malic, pentadecylic and salicylic acids. Calendula extract is capable of coping with the herpes virus. Due to presence of glycosides, tanning substances, saponins, and vitamin С, calendula-based preparations exert antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects and help strengthen the vessel walls.
CEGABA (N-Carboxy-Ethyl-Gamma-Butyric-Acid)Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid is a well-known neurotransmitter present in high concentration in the brain structures. Carboxyethyl gamma-aminobutyric acid is obtained through amino acid synthesis. The substance so obtained exerts stimulating activity, enhancing the mitotic activity of cells without any toxic effect. According to the data of clinical trials conducted by GATTEFOSSÉ SAS (France), the hair growth stimulating effect obtained in a group receiving CEGABA is comparable with the effectiveness of minoxidil, but in the CEGABA group positive results are achieved faster and with no side effects*. Is effective both as monotherapy and in combination with vitamins and amino acids (SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTATION AVAILABLE: Identification of N-Carboxyl-Ethyl-Gamma-Butyric /)* Reports/ratios chemical and analytical of CEGABA Patent in pharmacological English / Effects of CEGABACEGABA forms part of LOTION FRESH CELLS DE LUXE.
Hydrolyzed collagenCollagen is a structural protein which is the basic component of the connective tissue and fills up the space between the cells and the muscle fibers. Collagen maintains water balance in the cell. Collagen accounts for 30% of the total weight of human protein, is responsible for resilience, elasticity, adequate moisturizing of the skin, nails and hair and for continuous cell regeneration. Progressive age-dependent collagen deficiency causes worsening of skin, nail and hair appearance. Using collagen-containing preparations contributes to slowing down skin ageing, improves its protective functions, contributes to hair and nails regeneration, helps fight dandruff, psoriasis and dermatitis, slows downs graying hair, and strengthens the vessel walls. Using collagen leads to prolonged effect of extracts and oils in cosmetic products; in conjunction with keratin, collagen activates healing of micro-cracks and skin and filling of hair defects, enhances brightness of colored hair, gives hair shine, and forms a collagen (protective) coating on the hair’s surface. Collagen is substantive to hair and is an effective conditioner giving hair shape and texture.
LecithinumIt is a mixture of esters of glycerol, phosphoric and fatty acids (oleic, palmitic and stearic acids) and choline. It is one of the most important components which actively participate in cell metabolism. It is essential for “feeding” the nervous system, forms part of the outermost layer of nerve fibers; maintains optimal phospholipid metabolism. It helps uptake of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, ЕиК, which are essential for feeding all body cells. It is a substrate for building up the cell envelope, ensuring the transfer of ions and molecules across biological membranes. It has been used for many years in the cosmetics industry. Lecithinum shows perfect emulsifying properties, contributes to penetration through the skin of other active ingredients and reduces skin irritation.
Honey extractThis is a natural moisturizing and softening complex which is rich in vitamins, microelements, mineral salts and other substances. Honey is an ecologically optimal humidity regulator. It improves the structure of the skin and hair, enhances the capability of the corneal layer to retain moisture. Honey possesses antimicrobial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. It gives hair shine.
Nasturtium officinale extractIt is derived from the stems and inflorescence of nasturtium. Nasturtium Officinale (or watercress) fortifies hair roots. The plant’s stems and inflorescence и contain essential oil, carotenoids, tannins, sugars, large amount of vitamins С, B1, B2 and Е, salts of potassium and iodine. In medicine, it has been used since ancient times to treat vitamin deficiencies as well as an anti-inflammatory and bactericidal remedy.
PanthenolIt is a derivative of pantothenic acid which belongs to water-soluble B-group vitamins responsible for carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Its low molecular weight, hydrophilism and low polarity help active substances penetrate all skin layers. When applied topically, panthenol is quickly absorbed and converts to pantothenic acid. It plays an important role in the processes of discharge of energy from carbohydrates, synthesis and degradation of fatty acids, synthesis of sterols and steroid hormones, acetylcholine. Pantothenic acid is responsible for the normal functioning of epithelium. It is especially needed when the skin integument or tissues are damaged, in which case local deficiency of pantothenic acid can be compensated for with topical use panthenol. It stimulates skin regeneration, regulates cell metabolism and enhances strength of collagen fibers. It exerts regenerating and mild anti-inflammatory effects, nourishes and softens the skin and hair.
Hedera helix extractIt is derived from the evergreen liana leaves. It contains glycosides (hederin), flavonoids, pectin, mineral salts, organically bound iodine and other components. The Hedera Helix extract effectively moisturizes hair and skin, improves blood circulation, attenuates congestive conditions, exerts tonic, bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effects.
Salicylic AcidIt is a hydroxyacid containing phenolic group. Salicylic acid was firstly derived from the willow bark. It possesses exfoliating and anti-inflammatory effects. Salicylic acid is soluble in fats, therefore it penetrates easily into the sebaceous gland. Cosmetic products with salicylic acid can be used on an everyday basis. It is contained in the form of esters in birch bark and Gaulteria leaves. It possesses marked antiseptic, antifungal and keratolytic properties. Salicylic acid can be used as phytohormone. Salicylic acid causes temperature rise in certain organs of thermogenic plants (in particular RafflesiaArnoldii). It takes place due to disruption in mitochondrial electron transport chain. Studies are now being actively performed to assess the influence of salicylic acid on development of non-specific response to stress-producing factors and accumulation of active forms of oxygen.
Alpha hydroxy acids, AHAThese acids received the common name of "fruit acids", inasmuch as initially they were found in fruits. Natural fruit acids contribute to sloughing of superficial keratin flakes (chemical peeling), inhibit powerful moisturizing and water-retaining effects, activate immune resistance and give the skin healthy appearance, softness and velvety feeling. Hydroxy acids exert exfoliating, moisturizing, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on the skin, as well as stimulate the synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans. Citric, glycolic, lactic, malic and tartaric acids present in the Simone range are intended to deep clean follicular orifices containing sebum, remove keratinized skin cells accumulated within the pores. Among all AHA, glycolic acid exhibits the most powerful keratolytic activity. It is exactly thanks to this acid the immediate smoothing effect is achieved when using AHA. Lactic acid is a highly active moisturizer. Studies have shown that this acid enhances the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. Citric acid stimulates the synthesis of collagen. Tartaric and malic acids enhance the skin elasticity. The combination of these acids is the most effective of all.
NicotinamideNicotinicacid, niacin, vitamin PP or В3. Nicotinic acid deficiency results in that the skin begins to exfoliate and loses its elasticity. When applied externally, it dilates small vessels, improves microcirculation and exerts a mild anticoagulant effect (increases the fibrinolytic blood activity)
Rosmarinus Officinalis extractIt has been used for a long time as a component of formulations intended for scalp and hair treatment. It contains alkaloids (0.5%, rosmaricin), tannin substances (up to 8%), flavones, beta-sitosterol, nicotinic, glycolic, caffeic and rosmarinic acids. Rosmarinic acid – as an effective antioxidant - has sparked much interest over the last few years. It possesses antiseptic properties and is used for treatment of skin infections and eczema, contributes to improvement of blood circulation, exerts tonic and disinfecting effects and removes dandruff.
Pinus Sylvestris bud extractThe pine buds contain various resinous and tanning substances, essential oil, vitamins and pinitsikrin. Pine wood is used to produce pine tar by the high temperature carbonization. Pine straw is rich in valuable vitamins. It is used to derive infusions and concentrates for prevention and treatment of hypovitaminosis C. It removes inflammation at the level of hair follicles. It regulates sebum excretion.
Arnica montana flower extractThe most active therapeutic role belongs to the compound Faradiol which, when used externally, stimulates hair growth, as well as possesses topical irritating properties and brings anti-inflammatory effect. It is effective for treatment of hematomas, pyoderma, trophic ulcers and thermal skin injuries.
Crataégus monógyna extractIts fruits contain sufficiently many sugars (mainly fructose), malic and citric acids, pectin and tannic substances. It is rich in vitamins C, P and carotene. Flowers contain essential oil, calcium, magnesium, zinc and other chemical elements, as well as their salts. In medicine, CrataegusMonogyna has been used since XVI due to its sedative, spasmolytic and anastaltic properties. With regard to cosmetic products for skin and hair care, CrataegusMonogyna is used because of its capacity to moisturize skin and regulate fluid balance, produce a tonic effect, improve metabolic processes, reduce itching and inflammation
Siliconis a structure-forming element of connective tissues. Silicon deficiency in the body induces dryness, fragility, thinning and loss of hair.
Algae extractcontains essential fatty acids, antioxidants (vitamins Е and С), sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, amino acids and proteins, and carotene. Having such components, algae extract improves the metabolic processes in the skin, stimulates the blood circulation, enhances the elasticity of skin and hair, regulates seborrhea, and slows down the process of ageing.
Rhodophyceae extractis used as a natural thickening, gel-forming and water-binding agent. It perfectly fits the purpose of regenerating damaged and dry hair, nourishes and moisturizes it.
Phaeodactylum tricornutum extractThese algae differ due to a special silica “armor” of their cells. Being the basic component of marine plankton, diatoms create up to one fourth of the planet’s overall organic matter. They possess perfect sorbent’s properties and enhance the structure of hair, giving it strength.
Faex, yeast extractIt is a product derived from yeast (Saccharomyces). The yeast extract contains glycides, B-group vitamins, and nucleic acids. The high polysaccharide content (beta-glucan) not only helps perfectly moisturize the hair but also enhances the protective properties of the skin, protects the skin cells from damaging ultraviolet radiation, stimulates collagen and glycoprotein generation.
Camellia Oleifera extractBeing of Indian and Vietnamese origin, CameliaOleifera has become a plant known all over the world. This evergreen tree or shrub belongs to the aceae family and is cultivated both for its exquisite pink or pale-pink flowers and for the purpose of producing useful oils used in cosmetology (essential oil obtained from the leaves). Due to its properties, the CameliaOleifera extract is a powerful antioxidant, protects the upper layers of the skin from damaging solar radiation and free radicals, slows down skin ageing, removes irritation and calm down the skin.
Saw palmetto extractUse of Saw Palmetto in medical practice was reported for the first time in the beginning of the 18th century. Present-day studies helped precisely determine the composition of Saw Palmetto fruits. It was established that Saw Palmetto fruits contain esters of such fatty acids as decanoic, lauric, palmitic, and butyric acids and glycoside beta-sitosterol. Scientists from the Minneapolis Medical Center have analyzed the results obtained in 18 clinical studies conducted in 2,939 patients. It has been scientifically established that the Saw Palmetto extract slows down the local prostaglandin synthesis and is a non-competitive 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor. In other words, Saw Palmetto-based preparations inhibit the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone which is the most common cause for hair loss in men and women. Saw Palmetto also blocks binding of dihydrotestosterone to cell receptors. Owing to the above properties, Saw Palmetto-based preparations are powerful natural anti-androgens blocking the negative influence of dihydrotestosteron on hair. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (2002;8:143–52) reports that, according to studies, in case of male pattern baldness hair growth can be enhanced by using preparations containing Saw Palmetto(Serenoarepens) and beta-sitosterol (component found in many edible plants).
Aesculus Hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut Seed) ExtractThe biological activity of this extract is associated primarily with its most active chemical compound – aescin (a triterpene glycoside). Experimental studies have shown that aescin shows a marked venotonic effect which corresponds to the activity of serotonin and dihydroergotamine. Aescin exerts marked anti-inflammatory and antiedemic effects. The anti-inflammatory activity of aescin is superior to that of butadione. The capillary strengthening properties of aescin confirm the assumption that it exerts primary influence on the first phase of inflammation when vascular permeability impairment takes place. Apart from strengthening the blood vessel and capillary walls, aescin also stimulates blood circulation, improves metabolic processes in the skin cells and regulates sebum discharge.
Citrus lemon peel extractIts healing effect is due to the presence of lemon oil and citric acid which, together with malic and succinic acids, plays an important role in metabolism. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is no lee important for the lemon healing effect. Lemon-based preparations exhibit general restorative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antifungal effects, stimulate the skin and remove seborrhea manifestations.
Arctium majus root extractBy its effect our hair, it is simply magic. This is one of the best fortifying hair remedies. It is almost unbelievable, but its roots contain an incredible amount of resources: polysaccharide inulin (up to 50%), bardana essential oil, protein (about 12%), vitamins А, В, С, Е, Р; salts of chrome, cobalt, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, sodium, zinc, calcium, copper, manganese, selenium and sulfur; fatty oil comprising oleic, linolic, palmitic and stearic acids, tanning substances, flavonoids, glycosides, and alkaloids. When applied externally, the burdock root juice exhibits a bactericidal effect.
MentholIt confers an impression of gentle coolness and freshness, protects the scalp from irritation and helps hair stay clean for a longer time. Menthol activates TRPM8 receptors, which regulates the content of intracellular calcium, contributes to blood circulation and metabolism stimulation
Tropaeolum majus flower extractIt contains ascorbic acid, carotene, benzylazotnocianate. In Europe, in particular in German folk medicine, the juice from nasturtium has been used for inunction since ancient times as a hair growth remedy.
Capsicum frutescensIt contains the alkaloid Capsaicin. Capsaicin belongs to the pharmacological group of natural irritant agents. Capsaicin is a blocker of A-type fast К-channels. Its irritating effect is due to its binding to vanilloid receptors VR1 (TRPV-1), being their agonist. Scientists from the Nottingham University have found out that capsaicin, which gives hot pepper its sharp burning flavor and irritating effect, induces massive death of malignant cells. A recent study conducted by EhsaniA, Toosi S, Seirafi H, et al. Capsaicin vs. clobetasol for the treatment of localized alopecia areata. EurAcadDermatolVenereol. 2009, has demonstrated the effectiveness of capsaicin in the treatment of patchy hair loss which is comparable to the activity of the powerful corticosteroid Clobetasol 0.5%. Capsaicin is also known to exhibit a positive role in the treatment of diffuse hair loss caused by stress factors.
Piroctone olamineIt is an active antifungal sulfur-containing component which inhibits a bactericidal effect with regard to propionobacteria causing dandruff. By impeding proliferation of these lipophilic microorganisms, piroctoneolamine reduces skin flaking and scalp itching.
Sphingolipides, ceramidesSphingolipids were firstly derived from the brain tissue. They got their second name — ceramides — from the Latin word cerebrum (brain). Later it was established that ceramides form a major part of lipid layer between skin and hair horny scales. Among ceramides, those containing linoleic acid are of special importance. These ceramides stitch together adjacent lipid layers and into one integrated structure. In case of deficiency of ceramides or linoleic acid, lipid layer of the stratum corneum loses its integrity and breaks up. It results in hair dryness and fragility, increased skin and hair sensitivity to adverse factors. Ceramides are one of the major lipid components of cell membranes and is one of the intermediates in the synthesis of sphingomyelin. Such biochemical processes as differentiation, growth, natural ageing and death of a cell depend on their quantitative and qualitative composition. In some cases, ceramides, formed in the cell by hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, signal apoptosis (i.e. genetically controlled programmed process of cell death which is launched via specific signals). That is exactly why ceramides are an important component in anti-ageing cosmetics.
Salvia Officinalis leaf extractThe extract contains essential oil which is rich in camphor, borneol and cineol. Alkaloids, flavonoids and linoleic acid glycerides are also found in the leaves. Sage is widely known to be beneficial in hair loss treatment. It possesses disinfecting, anti-inflammatory and astringent effects and reduces sweating.
Hydrolyzed silkThis hydrolysate contains basic silk-forming amino acids: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, threonine, alanine, arginine, leucine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, cysteine, tyrosine, lysine and proline. The complex of natural amino acids provides an optimal balance of moisturizing and protective film-forming properties, which improves hair appearance. Complex influence of amino acids of silk gives weakened and fragile hair volume, elasticity and attractive shine.
Oleaeuropaea leaf extractThe olive branch is a symbol of peace, but this plant may be called also a human ailment fighter. Olea Europaea is a plant belonging to Oleaceae family. The plant’s leaves contain oleanolic acid, vitamin С, and flavonoids (rutin, lutein and hesperidin). Oleanolic acid forms part of oleuropein. The latter possesses many properties which are useful for the body. The olive extract removes arterial spasms and restores blood circulation. The complex of substances present in the olive leaves contributes to maintaining the integrity of vessel walls, reducing their fragility and permeability and prevents blood clot formation. Present-day scientific data has demonstrated that the Olea Europaea leaf extract is an effective antiviral remedy exhibiting also bactericidal (inter alia, with regard to resistant strains of streptococcus and staphylococcus) and antifungal (inter alia, in case of candidosis) effects. Olive is known to have a positive influence on the structure and health of hair.
PhospholipidsThese are complex lipids which are specifically characterized by the presence of phosphoric acid residue in molecules. Phospholipids are vitally important for the skin cells, as they are major components of the plasma membranes and their main suppliers. Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids present in phospholipids, such as linoleic and linolenic acids, provide mobility to the cell membrane, which is required for carrying out normal vital activity of the cells and synthesis of horny layer lipids responsible for their barrier functions. Phospholipids are responsible for the delivery of biologically active substances to deep skin layers. Having a close affinity to skin lipids and being located on its surface, they dissolve in it, gradually releasing their contents into the epidermis. Accordingly, a graduated and sustained effect of active ingredients is ensured and high results are achieved. Phospholipids increase the epidermal barrier permeability and improve the delivery of biologically active substances. This takes place due to the fact that phospholipids, along with ceramides and neutral lipids, form part of the horny layer lipid matrix. Consequently, phospholipids, getting into the horny layer, are embedded into the lipid matrix, providing it more mobility and facilitating penetration of active substances across it. Phospholipids moisturize the skin and protect it against dehydration. Phospholipids are spontaneously organized into stratified or lamellar structures and create storage moisture reservoirs for the skin. Possessing a high affinity to the skin, they bind to corneocytes and exert a long-lasting moisturizing effect. The moisturizing effect of phospholipids is due not only to their capacity to bind water but also to their ability to form in water bilayer structures; they form a thin film on the surface of the skin which protects it against moisture loss. Phospholipids control gradual release of active components, ensuring their long-lasting effect.
Zincparticipates in the processes of cell division and differentiation, T-cell immunity development, functioning of dozens of enzymes, including the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase, and insulin – an enzyme produced by the pancreas. Zinc plays an utmost role in the processes of skin regeneration, hair and nails growth and sebaceous gland secretion, contributes to vitamin E absorption and regulation of normal concentration of this vitamin in the blood and participates in the hematopoiesis. Zinc is required for maintaining the skin in normal condition, hair and nails growth, as well as for healing lesions, inasmuch as it plays an important role in the synthesis of proteins, enhances the body immune system and exerts a detoxicating effect – i.e. contributes to elimination of carbon dioxide from the body. Zinc fights against premature graying and alopecia and improves hair appearance. It has been proved that gray hair contains less zinc.
Ironforms part of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes. Most of the human body iron is contained in red blood cells; much iron is present in brain cells. Iron plays an important role in the processes of energy release, enzymatic reactions, securing immune functions, and cholesterol metabolism. Cells and tissues are saturated with iron owing to the activity of the protein transferring which is capable of transporting ferric iron ions. Iron makes hair stronger, protecting it from fragility. Iron deficiency is a common condition which is associated with hair loss - up to alopecia onset.
Complex of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins and microelementspresent in the Simone range products helps regulate adequate metabolism and metabolic processes in the scalp and exerts a beneficial influence on the appearance and growth of hair. The complex of vitamins and minerals helps enhance the blood circulation and the processes of cell regeneration and adenosine triphosphate supply, maintains an adequate level of protein and carbohydrate metabolism required for healthy hair and protects hair from premature graying. The antioxidant properties of vitamins А, С and Е protect hair and skin from unfavorable effects of environmental factors and ultraviolet rays and prevent hair and skin structural lipids from oxidation
Pomegranate extractDue to its high content of polysaccharides (up to 14%), fatty acids and organic acids (citric, malic, oxalic, tartaric, etc.), high percentage of flavonoids and terpenoids, as well as phytoestrogens, this extract possesses a wide range of biological effects. It exerts antioxidant, moisturizing, and exfoliating effects, has a marked regulating effect on seborrhea, restores the lipid barrier of the skin, and resolves flaking and irritation.Hydrolyzed DNA and RNA. DNA and RNA hydrolysates contain purine and pyrimidine bases which are natural organic compounds essential for protein synthesis. In bioenergetics, nucleotides containing adenine play an important role, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is a universal energy exchange currency in living cells. Guanosine triphosphate is essential for protein synthesis. 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important element in the mechanism of hormonal regulation. Purine bases also form part of many coenzymes. Pyrimidine compounds exert a stimulating effect on hair growth. Purine and pyrimidine base derivatives present in the Simone range of products help exert a stimulating effect similar to that of minoxidil (minoxidil is an aminopyrimidine derivative, the most powerful of all known hair growth stimulants). In contrast to minoxidil-based products, all the hair growth stimulants within the Simone range do not have withdrawal effects and can be used in courses. It is known that vitamins В1 and methyluracil also belong to aminopyrimidine derivatives.
Inositolis vital for hair growth. Inositol deficiency may be associated with hair loss and skin eruptions. Inositol is important for persistent growth of healthy hair, prevents premature hair loss, conditions, moisturizes, and makes hair brushing easier. Inositol protects healthy skin and exerts a sedative effect. It forms part of cell membranes, stimulates cell respiration, exerts a marked lipotropic effect, improves the nerve signal transmission and regulates the copper and zinc balance. Inositol participates in the process of DNA replication and protein synthesis, therefore contributing to fast tissue growth and regeneration. It improves the blood fluidity (rheology) and prevents blood clot formation, as well as enhances the elasticity of vessel walls.
Capixil (Capixil™)is a proprietary complex (patent No. WO 2005/009456 – US7057719) produced by Unipex (Canada). Capixil is formed by tetrapeptide (acetyl tetrapeptide-3 is a peptide comprised of 4 amino acids stimulating hair growth through direct influence on hair follicles) and Trifolium Pratense extract with a high concentration of Biochanin A. Trifolium Pratense extract is traditionally used for treatment of asthma, psoriasis, and eczema. The main red clover isoflavone Biochanin A is an efficient inhibitor of 5-alpha-reductase type 1 and type 2. Studies have shown that Biochanin A suppresses inflammation by blocking proinflammatory cytokines, in particular IL-1α. Biomimetic acetyl tetrapeptide-3 stimulates extracellular matrix protein synthesis in the papillae of hair follicles, exerting a direct stimulating effect on hair growth. For more detailed information on these studies see www.unipex.com. The complex Capixil forms part of LOTION PLACENTA SHOCK DE LUXE.
Hydrolyzed keratinKeratins are a family of fibrillar proteins possessing mechanical resistance which is inferior only to that of chitin. Keratin accounts for almost 90% of the hair composition. Therefore, keratin predetermines the mechanical resistance and structure of hair. Keratin fibrillae contain large amounts of disulfide bridges formed with the participation of the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine, which give additional resistance and resilience to keratin. Cysteine accounts for 14% of human hair. The hair treated with keratin increases its tensile strength 2,7cn/Tex above the values inherent to normal hair. At the same time, when using shampoos and balsams not containing keratin all types of hair have shown a reduction in strength. The data obtained demonstrates that keratin-containing shampoos and balsams are ideally fit for professional and home hair care. Consequently, using keratin-containing products is indicated:- After all hairdressing services (permanent waving, straightening, coloring and many other procedures with chemical and thermal exposure).- For correction of negative environmental effects (sun, sea and chlorinated water, dust, smoke, etc.).- In case of metabolic disorders in the body leading to an insufficient intake and uptake of amino acids, vitamins, and macro- and microelements essential for normal formation and growth of hair.- In case of visually detected abnormalities of the hair structure such as split ends, fragility, excessive dryness.- For prevention of hair structure abnormalities and hair loss.
Climbazoleis a powerful compound against dandruff. It belongs to azoles possessing a fungistatic effect. Azoles inhibit the synthesis of ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane. It is used predominantly in medicinal and cosmetic products. Climbazole fights dandruff and prevents its reappearance, exerts a relaxing effect on the scalp and gives the hair a healthy shine. It is also an active antimicrobial component.
CaffeineCaffeine is a purine alkaloid. It has been proved that, when applied externally, caffeine exerts a stimulating effect on hair growth. A study conducted in 2007 by T. W. Fischer (Journal of Dermatology; Jan 2007, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p27-35) immunohistochemically shows a statistically significant increase in hair growth associated with the influence of caffeine in an experiment ex vivo on hair follicles in patients suffering from androgenetic alopecia. Also, the positive role of caffeine has been proved by the studies conducted at the dermatology department of the University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf. In combination with minoxidil and other stimulants, caffeine exerts a synergistic effect. According to present-day data, caffeine’s inhibiting effect on phosphodiesterase plays a significant role in its mechanism of action, which results in intracellular accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Caffeine reduces platelet aggregation and enhances blood flow.
Urticadioica leaf extractAs a medicinal plant, nettle has been used since ancient times. The healing properties of nettle were described by none other than Avicenna. Nettle leaves contain large amounts of vitamin С, carotene, chlorophyll (up to 5%), tanning substances, organic acids, porphyrins, flavonoids, vitamins B1, В12, К, Е, РР, pantothenic acid, carotenoids, iron, manganese, sulfur, copper, silicon, boron, nickel, titanium, calcium, potassium, mineral salts, acetylcholine, histamine, and phytoncides. Hairs on the leaves have nitrogen-containing, formic and other acids, as well as acetylcholine, due to which the plant has the stinging effect. By its protein content, nettle is not inferior to such famous nitrogen-containing plants as peas, beans and pods. The presence of these substances explains why nettle is widely used in treatment of hair and scalp diseases. The plant possesses anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, wound-healing, blood-stopping, general restorative effects and stimulates damaged tissue regeneration. Experimentally it has been also proved that nettle is capable of increasing the number of red blood cell, sometimes not being inferior to the effectiveness of iron preparations.
Royal jellyIt is a special feed which is used by honey bees for feeding larvae during the first three days. The queen bee feeds on royal jelly during her entire lifetime. Royal jelly contains proteins, fructose, glucose and sucrose, virtually all known vitamins, small amounts of estrogen, progesterone, lactic and pyroracemic acids, stearins, lipids, etc. Royal jelly is produced by nurse bees and is secreted from the hypopharangeal glands. It is known in medicine as biogenic stimulant. It exhibits estrogen-like and general restorative effects, stimulates cell metabolism and regeneration processes, improves tissue trophism, nourishes and moisturizes hair and skin. Royal jelly is capable of eliminating radionuclides from the body. It is considered one of the sterile products which can be used as anti-inflammatory and bactericidal remedy in treatment of wounds, burns and many skin diseases. It also contributes to increase of the amount of hemoglobin.
Mimosa TenuifloraIt is known to be capable of accelerating the processes of cell division and metabolism in the skin, stimulates collagen synthesis, improves microcirculation and contributes to active oxygenation of tissues. Tannins account for up to 42% of the cortex and, therefore, it exerts an adequate tanning and anti-unflammatory effect for elimination of seborrhea.
Placental extractIt contains virtually all non-essential and essential amino acids, regulatory peptides, polysaccharides, hyaluronic acid, succinic acid, chondroitin sulfate, lipids, dimethylaminoethanol, coenzyme Q10, polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, alpha-fetoprotein, lecithin, growth factors, natural well-balanced complexes of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, macro- and microelements. It exhibits a tropho-stimulating effect, nourishes and moisturizes skin and hair, stimulates hair growth, possesses restorative and protective functions, contributes to recovery of lost processes of hair and skin autoregulation. It does not contain hormones.
Lamium album extractWhite deadnettle flowers and leaves contain the alkaloid lamiine, flavonoids, coumarins, essential oil, tanning substances, organic acids (caffeic, n-coumaric, gallic, chlorogenic and ferulic acids), carotene (15 mg %), ascorbic acid (in spring, up to 130 mg %), mucilage and saponins. Such a rich composition predetermines its capacity to stimulate hair growth and reduce hair loss, exert an active anti-inflammatory and tonic effect. White deadnettle inhibits medicinal properties in treatment of allergic dermatosis, furunculosis, eczemas and skin ulcer.
Vitamins В1, В2, В3, В5, В6, С, А, Е, Inositol, Saccharomyces / Copper, Zinc, Iron and Silicon FermentsB-group vitamins such as thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), and inositol (B8) are required for growing healthy hair. The vitamins of this group are responsible for hair growth, therefore deficiency of these vitamins may result in hair loss. Vitamin B1 is not synthesized by the human body and comes from food. In the first place, a lack of this vitamin leads to nerve conduction impairment and adenosine triphosphate deficiency. Vitamin B2 is required for red blood cell formation, antibody production, hair growth regulation, and nail and skin keratinization. It regulates the activity of the thyroid gland. The external manifestations of riboflavin deficiency in humans are lesions of the mucous lining of the mouth, cheilitis, cracks at the corners of the mouth (angular stomatitis), seborrheic dermatitis, particularly at the nasolabial folds, nasal wings, ears and eyelids. Eye disorders such as cataract, conjunctivitis and keratitis are also a common outcome. In case of deficiency, anemia, muscle weakness and burning pain in feet are common signs. Vitamin B2 is required for healthy hair growth. Vitamin B3 (vitamin PP, niacin) is converted to nicotinamide in the body, which participates in the metabolism of fats, proteins, amino acids, and purines, as well as tissue respiration and processes of biosynthesis. It dilates microvessels (including brain vessels), enhances microcirculation, exerts a mild anticoagulant effect (increases blood fibrinolytic activity) and improves memory and motion coordination. It also participates in the melanin production in hair. Deficiency of vitamin B3 leads both to impaired hair growth and premature grey hair. Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid, panthenol, dexpanthenol) is responsible for tissue regeneration, especially skin and mucosae. Panthenol is the only vitamin which is well absorbed when applied to the skin. Dexpanthenol is converted in the body to pantothenic acid which regulates carbohydrate and fat metabolism and participates in the synthesis of acetylcholine, corticosteroids, and porphyrins. It accelerates mitoses, strengthens collagen fibers and exerts regenerating, metabolic and anti-inflammatory affects. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) helps efficiently use glucose in cells and improves metabolism in brain tissues inasmuch as it is the main catalyst in the amino acid metabolism and synthesis of most neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Therefore, vitamin B6 enhances brain performance and contributes to improvement of memory and state of mind. It is known as the “vitamin-antidepressant” because it participates in the synthesis of the “happiness hormone” serotonin, as well as is responsible for appetite and sleep regulation. Deficiency of vitamin B6 results in impaired glutamine metabolism, which induces central nervous system disorders (seizures, etc.). It participates in production of red blood cells and in glucose uptake by nerve cells. Deficiency of vitamin B6 induces increased fatigability, depression, hair loss, cracks at the corners of the mouth, impaired blood circulation, numbness in extremities, arthritis, and muscle weakness. Vitamin B6 is required for dandruff prevention. Biotin (vitamin B7) is a component of enzymes regulating protein and fat metabolism and has high activity. In case of biotin deficiency, hair loss, dandruff, and seborrhea are common signs. Skin lesions, pale smooth tongue, sleepiness, depression, muscle tenderness and weakness, hypotonia, high blood cholesterol and sugar levels, anaemia, loss of appetite and nausea are also specific to biotin deficiency. Vitamin A (retinol) is used for treatment of practically all skin diseases (acne, seborrhea, psoriasis, etc.). In case of skin lesions (wounds, sunburns), vitamin A accelerates healing process, as well as stimulates collagen synthesis, improves the quality of regenerated tissue and reduces the risk of infections. Vitamin A participates in the synthesis of steroid hormones (including progesterone). Both vitamin A and β-carotene, being powerful antioxidants, are used for prevention and treatment of cancerous diseases. Both vitamin A and β-carotene protect cell membranes against the destructive effect of free radicals, while β-carotene also neutralizes the most hazardous types of free radicals. Vitamin A is required for normal immune system function and is indispensable in the fight against infections. Vitamin A gives hair elasticity, makes it stronger and helps withstand ultraviolet rays. In case of deficiency of this vitamin, the scalp may begin flaking and hair become thin and fragile. Vitamin E (tocopherol) is the main nourishing antioxidant. It slows down the process of cell ageing due to oxidation, improves the nutrition of cells, strengthens blood vessel walls, prevents blood clot formation and contributes to their dissipation. Vitamin E participates in cell division, cell respiration and metabolism. When applied externally, vitamin E helps to skin healing and reduces the risk of scar tissue formation. In addition, tocopherol helps treat eczema, skin ulcers, herpes, and seborrhea. Vitamin E deficiency results in hair loss. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) also is used to prevent hair loss. It is responsible for capillary tone and integrity. Vitamin C deficiency induces impaired microcirculation and hair, which especially needs an active blood supply, may start falling out. Vitamin C possesses antioxidant properties, contributes to iron uptake, without which hair become fragile and dull. Vitamin C helps cope with stresses – one of the main enemies for good looking hair.